The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recognizes the right to biological resources of own country. However, the world researchers should use plant genetic resources for food and agriculture without limitation. "International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture" was enacted as an exception of CBD. Since the seeds in developing countries are likely to be lost, Svalbard Global Seed Vault, the world's largest seed storage, was established on Spitsbergen Island. Currently, it is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and accepts seeds without charge and opening. Okayama University has deposited a total of 5,268 barley lines for the first time from Japan. These barley seeds are important genetic resources for crop improvement for securing human foods and can be guaranteed for long term preservation in this storage.