Okayama University Hospital is one of the few certified multi-organ transplant centers in Japan, dealing with heart, kidney, lung, liver, small intestine and other transplants. Organ Transplant Center was opened in January 2011 as the first facility of its kind in Japan to specifically handle all aspects of transplantation surgery.

Okayama University Hospital has handled a high number of organ transplants, including for kidneys, livers and lungs. The hospital succeeded in performing the first living-donor lung transplant in Japan in 1998, as well as a successful lung transplant from a brain-dead donor in 2002. In November 2012 the hospital was the first in Japan to reach a total of 100 lung transplants, including 39 from brain-dead donors, giving it the highest number of such operations in Japan.

According to data of the International Society for Heart & Lung Transplantation, the global average success rate for lung transplantation is 90% with a survival rate at one year of 70% and at five years of 50%. Okayama University Hospital's lung transplant survival rate at five years stands at 82% (87% for transplants from living donors). This is an extremely good performance in comparison to the global average, garnering attention worldwide for the hospital as a top level lung transplant facility.

The hospital also performed the first successful simultaneous kidney and liver transplant from a brain-dead donor in Japan in September 2012